Which statement accurately describes current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R)?

• A. Current is the rate of energy transfer; Voltage is the rate of charge movement; Resistance is the rate of charge flow.
• B. Current is the flow of electric charges; Voltage is the electrical pressure that pushes charges; Resistance is the opposition to current.
• C. Current measures resistance; Voltage measures current; Resistance measures voltage.
• D. Current is a property of the source; Voltage is a property of the conductor; Resistance is a property of the environment.

Answer: (B)

Current is the flow of electric charges; voltage is the electrical pressure that pushes those charges through a circuit; and resistance is the opposition to that current. This aligns with how circuits behave in practice and is reflected in Ohm’s Law, I = V / R, which shows that increasing voltage tends to increase current and increasing resistance tends to decrease it.

If you double the voltage while keeping resistance the same, the current doubles; if you increase the resistance at the same voltage, the current drops. The statement you chose captures the correct roles of each quantity: current as flow, voltage as what drives that flow, and resistance as what resists it.

The other options mix up these concepts. One describes current as the rate of energy transfer (that’s power, not current) and says resistance is the rate of charge flow (which isn’t correct). Another option incorrectly assigns measurements to the quantities—current would not be a measure of resistance, voltage would not measure current, and resistance would not measure voltage. The last option treats current as a property of the source, voltage as a property of the conductor, and resistance as a property of the environment, which doesn’t reflect how these quantities are defined or how they interact in a circuit.